Verifying the integrity of installation files 5. Automatic Installation Using the Debian Installer 4.7. Preparing Files for TFTP Net Booting 4.5.1. Hard disk installer booting from Linux using Preparing Files for Hard Disk Booting 4.4.1. Preparing a USB stick using a hybrid CD/DVD image 4.4. Preparing Files for USB Memory Stick Booting 4.3.1. Downloading Files from Debian Mirrors 4.2.1. Official Debian GNU/Linux installation images 4.2. Disabling the Windows “ fast boot”/ “ fast startup” feature 3.6.6. Invoking the BIOS/UEFI Set-Up Menu 3.6.2. Pre-Installation Hardware and Operating System Setup 3.6.1. Pre-Partitioning for Multi-Boot Systems 3.6. Meeting Minimum Hardware Requirements 3.5. Finding Sources of Hardware Information 3.3.3. Overview of the Installation Process 3.2. Avoid Proprietary or Closed Hardware 2.4. Purchasing Hardware Specifically for GNU/Linux 2.3.1. Getting the Newest Version of This Document 1.7. 4.Table of Contents Installing Debian GNU/Linux 12 for amd64 1. Even if the default APT tooling supported that, it would implement a similar mechanism. Still, the basic idea would remain: we need to download any package to install it. use the /tmp directory to store the download.employ the yes command and –force-* flags to make dpkg non-interactive.Of course, we can replace the first command in the chain with curl: $ curl '' \ download tcpdump_4.99.3-1~bpo11+1_b from with wget.In this case, we perform several actions: Indeed, the common wget and curl commands enable file downloads.įor instance, by combining wget with a call to dpkg, we can perform a package installation from a URL in a single command chain without preserving the. Now, let’s move on to using links to install packages. Thus, the latter will use dpkg-deb as requested. To run dpkg-deb, we can either use its binary or pass the proper options to dpkg. specify input, output, compression, and information formatsįor example, we can get the contents and metadata from an existing.–extract or –raw-extract (with control information) an archive.On the other hand, dpkg has another tool at its base.Īt the lowest level, dpkg-deb handles the basic operations with. So, leveraging these functions, apt builds on top of dpkg. –compare-versions of packages with standard operators.select packages for operations with –set-selections, –get-selections, and –selected-only.provide a –list of packages and use –listfiles for their contents.modify the local package database with –update-avail and –merge-avail.On the other hand, there are many other functions that dpkg does support: Of course, dependency resolution isn’t provided by dpkg, so we encounter issues when using the –install switch above. Įrrors were encountered while processing: Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.4-2). Tcpdump depends on libpcap0.8 (>= 1.9.0) however:ĭpkg: error processing package tcpdump (-install):ĭependency problems - leaving unconfigured ĭpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of tcpdump: 139801 files and directories currently installed.) Selecting previously unselected package tcpdump. In essence, the high-level apt only serves to fetch and organize packages, while the mid-level dpkg is the way to install them: $ ls tcpdump_4.99.3-1~bpo11+1_b The dpkg (Debian PacKaGe) offline package manager is the basis of. Yet, at its core, it is a simpler utility. Still, the official apt can’t work offline and requires source repositories to function properly. With its separate apt-get scripting tool and the ability to query available, installed, and upgradable packages, apt is the go-to way to handle software on Debian-based systems. Here, we refresh the sources, install the tcpdump package, and attempt any pending upgrades, of which there are none. The following NEW packages will be installed:Ġ upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.Īfter this operation, 1,744 kB of additional disk space will be used.Ġ upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. The following additional packages will be installed: When using apt, we can install and remove packages, perform dependency resolution, update sources, and upgrade packages: $ apt update
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